Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is a naturally occurring oxide of titanium with the chemical formula TiO2. It is one of the most widely used and researched materials in the world, as it has a wide range of applications due to its unique properties. Titanium dioxide is a white, odorless powder that is non-toxic and non-reactive, making it suitable for use in a variety of industries. It is known for its high refractive index, which gives it excellent light-scattering properties, making it a common ingredient in sunscreens, cosmetics, paints, and coatings. Titanium dioxide is also used as a photocatalyst in environmental remediation processes, such as water purification and air purification. Research in the field of titanium dioxide focuses on improving its properties and finding new applications for this versatile material. This includes studying its crystal structure, surface properties, and electronic properties, as well as developing new synthesis methods to tailor its properties for specific applications. Additionally, researchers are exploring the potential of titanium dioxide in emerging fields such as photocatalysis, energy storage, and biomedical applications.